Noun

 

Step 1

If Singular Noun ends with a consonant, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Book--Books, Cat--Cats, Chair--Chairs, Cup--Cups, Demon--Demons, Door--Doors, Electron--Electrons, Farm--Farms, Flower--Flowers, Fork--Forks, Girl--Girls, Group--Groups, Justification--Justifications, Lamp--Lamps,
Lion--Lions, Museum--Museums, Neutron--Neutrons, Owl--Owls, Owner--Owners, Paper--Papers, Park--Parks, Pen--Pens, Proton--Protons, Rock--Rocks, Spoon--Spoons, Star--Stars, Ton--Tons, Tree--Trees, Youth--Youths.

 

Step 2

If Singular Noun ends with vowel ‘e’, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Abode--Abodes, Abuse--Abuses, Ace--Aces, Bangle--Bangles, Beetle--Beetles, Bicycle--Bicycles, Bone--Bones, Café--Cafes, Cake--Cakes, Coke--Cokes, Denture--Dentures, Dune--Dunes, Embrace--Embraces, Gate--Gates, Hare--Hares, Inch--Inches, Knuckle--Knuckles, Lance--Lances, Lane--Lanes, Machine—Machines, Mistake--Mistakes, Mule--Mules, Rose--Roses, Stroke--Strokes, Table--Tables, Toe--Toes, Triangle--Triangles, Vase--Vases, Yoke--Yokes, Zone--Zones.

 

Step 3

If Singular Noun ends with ‘ee’, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Addressee--Addressees, Assignee--Assignees, Bee--Bees,
Cherokee--Cherokees, Coffee--Coffees, Degree--Degrees, Detainee--Detainees, Devotee--Devotees, Examinee--Examinees, Freebee--Freebees, Glee--Glees, Guarantee--Guarantees, Invitee--Invitees, Knee--Knees, Lessee--Lessees, Referee-- Referees, Three--Threes, Toffee--Toffees, Trainee--Trainees, Tree--Trees, Trustee--Trustees, Vendee--Vendees.

 

Step 4

(a) If Singular Noun ends with vowel ‘a’, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Area--Areas, Arena--Arenas, Cola--Colas, Drama--Dramas, Fascia--Fascias, Idea--Ideas, Villa--Villas, Zebra--Zebras.

(b) If Singular Noun ends with vowel ‘i’, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Bikini--Bikinis, Bonsai--Bonsais, Genii--Geniis, Kiwi--Kiwis, Rabbi--Rabbis, Yogi--Yogis.

(c) If Singular Noun ends with vowel ‘o’, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Example: Auto--Autos, Canto--Cantos, Disco--Discos, Hippo--Hippos, Macro--Micros, Patio--Patios, Polio--Polios, Radio--Radios, Silo--Silos, Taboo--Taboos.
(However, there are some exceptions)

 

Step 5

Plural Noun

If Singular Noun ends with ‘s’ or ‘ss’, add ‘es’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Address--Addresses, Bonus--Bonuses, Bus--Buses, Campus--Campuses, Circus--Circuses, Class--Classes, Cross--Crosses, Dress--Dresses, Glass--Glasses, Grass--Grasses, Gross--Gross; Grosses, Moss--Mosses, Onus--Onuses.

 

 

Step 6

If Singular Noun ends with ‘x’, add ‘es’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Annex--Annexes, Appendix--Appendixes, Ax--Axes, Box--Boxes, Cox--Coxes, Duplex--Duplexes, Fax--Faxes, Fox--Foxes, Hex--Hexes, Hoax--Hoaxes, Latex--Latexes,

 

Step 7

(a) If Singular Noun ends with ‘z’ preceded by a consonant’, add ‘es’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Adz--Adzes, Blitz--Blitzes, Buzz--Buzzes, Chintz--Chintzes, Fizz--Fizzes, Jazz--Jazzes.
(b) If Singular Noun ends with ‘z’ preceded by a vowel, add ‘zes’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Fez--Fezzes, Quiz--Quizzes, Whiz--Whizzes.

 

Step 8

If Singular Noun ends with ‘ch’, add ‘es’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Batch--Batches, Beach--Beaches, Bench--Benches, Branch--Branches, Bunch--Bunches, Catch--Catches, Church--Churches, Coach--Coaches, Crutch--Crutches, Glitch--Glitches, Inch--Inches, Leech--Leeches, Match--Matches, Punch--Punches, Switch--Switches, Trench--Trenches, Watch--Watches, Wrench--Wrenches, Zilch--Zilches.

 

Step 9

If Singular Noun ends with ‘sh’, add ‘es’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Ambush--Ambushes, Blemish--Blemishes, Brush--Brushes, Bush--Bushes, Dish--Dishes, Ditch--Ditches, Eyelash--Eyelashes, Fish--Fish; Fishes, Lash--Lashes, Wish—Wishes

 

Step 10

Plural Nouns

If Singular Noun ends in ‘y’ preceded by a consonant, replace ‘y’ by ‘ies’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Agency--Agencies, Allergy--Allergies, , Army--Armies, Baby--Babies, Battery--Batteries, Beauty--Beauties, Berry--Berries, Bully--Bullies, Cherry--Cherries, City--Cities, City--Cities, Copy--Copies, Daddy--Daddies, Dairy--Dairies, Daisy--Daisies, Deity--Deities, Duty--Duties, Fly--Flies, Goody--Goodies, Impurity--Impurities, Injury--Injuries, Jury--Juries, Kitty--Kitties, Lady--Ladies, Liability--Liabilities, Luxury--Luxuries, Misery--Miseries, Navy--Navies, Obituary--Obituaries, Pony--Ponies, Poppy--Poppies, Query--Queries, Reply--Replies, Sky--Skies, Spy--Spies, Story--Stories, Study--Studies, Supply--Supplies, Theory--Theories.

(There are some exceptions e.g. July--Julys, Passerby--Passersby, Standby--Standbys)

 

Step 11

If Singular Noun ends with ‘y’ preceded by a vowel, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun.
Examples: Alley--Alleys, Alloy--Alloys, Attorney--Attorneys, Bay--Bays, Birthday--Birthdays, Boy--Boys, Bray--Brays, Buy--Buys, Cay--Cays, Chimney--Chimneys, Chutney--Chutneys, Convoy--Convoys, Day--Days, Delay--Delays, Display--Displays, Donkey--Donkeys, Essay--Essays, Fay--Fays, Galley--Galleys, Highway--Highways, Honeys--Honeys, Inlay--Inlays, Journey--Journeys, Joy--Joys, Key--Keys, Kidney--Kidneys, Lackey--Lackeys, Monkey--Monkeys, Motley--Motleys, Nay--Nays, Outlay--Outlays, Parley--Parleys, Play--Plays, Quay--Quays, Spray--Sprays, Storey--Storeys, Toy--Toys, Tray--Trays, Turkey--Turkeys, Valley--Valleys, Volley—Volleys, Whiskey--Whiskeys, Yesterday--Yesterdays.
(Exceptions Why--Whys)

 

 

Step 12

If Singular Noun ends with ‘o’ preceded by a consonant, add ‘es’ at the end to form Plural Noun. (In most cases)
Example: Antihero--Antiheroes, Cargo--Cargoes; Cargos, Dado--Dadoes, Echo--Echoes, Hero--Heroes, Jingo--Jingoes, Mango--Mangoes, Momento--Mementoes, Negro--Negroes, Potato--Potatoes, Tomato--Tomatoes, Torpedo--Torpedoes, Veto—Vetoes.

 

Step 13

If Singular Noun ends with ‘o’ preceded by a consonant, add ‘s’ to form Plural Noun. (In some cases)
Example: Albino--Albinos, Alto--Altos, Canto--Cantos, Dynamo--Dynamos, Halo--Halos, Indigo--Indigos, Jumbo--Jumbos, Kilo--Kilos, Kimono--Kimonos, Lasso--Lassos, Lido--Lidos, Logo--Logos, Mambo--Mambos, Manifesto--Manifestos, Memo--Memos, Micro--Micros, Photo--Photos, Piano--Pianos, Sirocco--Siroccos, Soprano--Sopranos, Yoyo--Yoyos, Zero--Zeros.

 

Step 14

If Singular Noun ends with ‘o’ preceded by a consonant, add ‘es’ and ‘s’ to form Plural Nouns. (In some cases)
Example: Bravo--Bravoes, Bravos; Buffalo--Buffaloes, Buffalos; Calico--Calicoes, Calicos; Grotto--Grottoes, Grottos; Halo--Haloes, Halos; Memento--Mementoes, Mementos; Mosquito--Mosquitoes, Mosquitos; Motto--Mottoes, Mottos; Portico--Porticoes, Porticos; Tornado--Tornados, Tornadoes; Tornado--Tornadoes, Tornados; Volcano--Volcanoes, Volcanos; Zero--Zeroes, Zeros.
(There are some exceptions e.g. Libretto--Librettos, Libretti; Solo--Solos, Soli; Tempo--Tempos, Tempi; Virtuoso--Virtuosos, Virtuosi.)

 

Step 15

Plural Noun

If Singular Noun ends with ‘o’ preceded by a vowel, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun. (In most cases)
Example: Audio--Audios, Ballyhoo--Ballyhoos, Bamboo--Bamboos, Boo--Boos,Boohoo--Boohoos, Bugaboo--Bugaboos, Burgoo--Burgoos, Cameo--Cameos, Capriccio--Capriccios, Cheerio--Cheerios, Ciao--Ciaos, Cockatoo--Cockatoos, Coo--Coos, Cuckoo--Cuckoos, Curacao--Curacaos, Curio--Curios, Folio--Folios, Igloo--Igloos, Intaglio--Intaglios, Kangaroo-- Kangaroos, Kazoo--Kazoos, Leo--Leos, Moo--Moos, Mustachio--Mustachios, Shampoo--Shampoos, Studio--Studios, Tattoo--Tattoos, Video--Videos, Voodoo--Voodoos, Waterloo--Waterloos, Zoo--Zoos.

 

Step 16

If Singular Noun ends with ‘f’, replace ‘f’ by ‘ves’ at the end to form Plural Noun. (In some cases)
Example: Aardwolf--Aardwolves, Beef--Beeves, Calf--Calves, Cloverleaf--Cloverleaves, Dwarf--Dwarves; Dwarfs, Elf--Elves, Flyleaf--Flyleaves, Half--Halves, Headscarf--Headscarves, Hoof--Hooves, Leaf--Leaves, Loaf--Loaves, Mantelshelf--Mantelshelves, Scarf--Scarves; Scarfs, Self--Selves, Sheaf--Sheaves, Shelf--Shelves, Thief--Thieves, Wolf--Wolves.

 

Step 17

If Singular Noun ends with ‘fe’, replace ‘fe’ by ‘ves’ at the end to form Plural Noun. (In some cases)
Example: Alewife--Alewives, Drawknife--Drawknives, Farmwife--Farmwives, Housewife--Housewives, Jackknife--Jackknives, Knife--Knives, Life--Lives, Midwife--Midwives, Wife--Wives.
(There are some exceptions e.g. Fife--Fifes, Safe--Safes)

 

Step 18

If Singular Noun ends with ‘f’ or ‘fe’, add ‘s’ at the end to form Plural Noun. (In some cases)
Examples: Belief--Beliefs, Bluff--Bluffs, Café--Cafes, Chief--Chiefs, Cliff--Cliffs, Dandruff--Dandruffs, Fife--Fifes, Gaffe--Gaffes, Giraffe--Giraffes, Goof--Goofs, Grief--Griefs, Gulf--Gulfs, Handcuff--Handcuffs, Handkerchief--Handkerchiefs, Jackknife--Jackknifes, Kerchief--Kerchiefs, Midwife--Midwifes, Mothproof--Mothproofs, Motif--Motifs, Proof--Proofs, Puff--Puffs, Roof--Roofs, Safe--Safes, Sheriff--Sheriffs, Stuff--Stuffs, Tip off—Tip offs, Wolf--Wolfs, Write off—Write offs, Takeoff--Takeoffs.
(Exceptions are Hoof--Hoofs, Hooves; scarf--Scarfs; scarves, Turf--Turves, Turfs, Wharf--Wharfs, Wharves).

 

Step 19

Some Nouns ending with ‘s’ are Plural Nouns. (i.e. they have no Singular form):
Example: Alms, Amends, Annals, Archives, Arms (weapons), Arrears, Bellows, Billiards, Binoculars; Bowels, Braces, Brains (intellect), Breeches, Clothes; Contents, Dregs, Economics, Forceps; Glasses (optical), Goods, Jeans; Knickers, Mathematics, Measles, Mechanics, Molasses, Mumps, Oats, Pajamas; Pants; Physics, Pinchers, Scissors; Shears, Shorts; Snuffers, Stairs, Thanks, Tongs; Trousers, Tweezers.

 

Step 20

Plural Nouns

Some Nouns which do not end with ‘s’ are Plural Nouns. (i.e. they have no Singular form):
Example: Bream, Cattle, Deer, Moose, People, Pike, Police, Salmon, Sheep, Swine, Trout.
(Exceptions Are Carp--Carps, Dozen--Dozens, Grouse--Grouses, Spaghetti--Spaghettis)

 

Step 21

Some Nouns are always Singular Nouns. (i.e. they have no Plural form)
Example: Coffee, Copper, Corn, Cotton, Gold, Mischief, Silver, Sugar, Wheat,
(However some of these nouns are used in the Plural form by adding ‘s’ Sugars, Coffees, Cottons)

 

Step 22

Some Nouns are in pairs.
Examples: Binoculars, Forceps, Glasses, Jeans, Pants, Scissors, Shorts, Tongs, Trousers, Tweezers.

 

Step 23

Some Nouns form Irregular Plural Nouns.
Example: Child--Children, Foot--Feet, Goose--Geese, Larva--Larvae, Louse--Lice, Man--Men, Mouse--Mice, Radius--Radii, Tooth--Teeth, Woman--Women.